Linking Gaming Characteristics with Learning: A Literature Review

This article presents empirical findings of a literature review focusing on the effects of gaming design characteristics on learning. Gaming characteristics (GCs) are believed to play a critical role in improving instructional quality of computer-assisted learning. In particular, researchers suggest that linking GCs with specific learning outcomes can harness the power of games and inform learning and teaching theories. While there has been a growing body of empirical research focusing on games’ learning effectiveness, the systematic knowledge linking GCs with human performance is extremely limited. Only nine empirical studies evaluating instructional benefits of singular GCs were found. Among the investigated GCs were storyline/fantasy, competition, reward, and interactivity with learning content. Research linking these GCs with specific learning outcomes suggests directions for future investigations.